Cystitis in medical practice is called an inflammatory process that develops in the bladder.It is common that cystitis is exclusively female disease.But this is not true.Representatives of the strongest sex undergo the disease.About the way cystitis symptoms manifest in men and how to treat it correctly, and will be discussed in this article.
Anatomical information
The bladder is one of the main organs of the urinary system, created to collect and attract the urine.In the latest process, an important role is played by the organ walls that have a muscle base, and thanks to this they are able to stretch.However, the mucous membrane of the bladder is often injured or exposed to infectious agents.This leads to various diseases.The lower part of the bladder is called the neck.Urethra (urethra) comes out of the neck.Two urethra flows to the top - channels through which the urine comes from the kidneys.
Signs of cystitis to men
Acute cystitis makes itself feel, first of all, with acute pain during urination, sometimes radiant in the rectum.Particularly many pain manifest at the beginning and end of urination.Moreover, cystitis symptoms include lower abdominal pain in the pub, independent of urination, but with this process they intensify.The amount of urine emitted can be extremely small (10-15 ml), however, the number of urination incentive can reach several times an hour.After the act of urination, there is a feeling that the bladder is not completely empty.Also, with cystitis, there are often signs such as urinary incontinence, indispensable urination.Determination of the disease is often associated with an increase in temperature, signs of body intoxication (mistreatment, headache).
Other cystitis symptoms:
- Change of urine color,
- blood, mucus, pus or protein in the urine,
- Unpleasant odor of urine.
Often, with the disease, reflux urine occurs.This is the name of the process in which the urine enters the urethra, and then into the kidneys, which leads to disease with pyelonephritis.In the absence of treatment, acute cystitis is transformed into a chronic form.Chronic cystitis is characterized, on the other hand, irritations (approximately 2-3 times a year) replacing periods of forgiveness.During remission, the symptoms of the disease practically do not appear.Interstitial cystitis is a severe form of chronic cystitis.With this variety of disease, irritation occurs extremely often, and the patient has constant pain in the groin.
Troubleshooting
In the presence of signs, with a high degree of probability indicating cystitis, you should contact a urologist.During the initial examination, the doctor usually examines the patient's genitals and examines the prostate gland with palpation in the anus.This allows you to create or exclude cystitis binding to men with other diseases of the male genitals.The diagnosis is mainly performed by general urine analysis.Cystitis can be determined due to the high content of leukocytes.Sometimes a determining feature may be the presence of red blood cells, bacteria, epithelial cells and protozoa.Done also:
- General and biochemical blood test,
- Urine Analysis by Nechiporenko,
- Planting urine to identify an infectious agent.
A study of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is performed if there is a doubt about a sexually transmitted infection.The bladder is ineffective, as it requires stuffed bladder, and with a certain disease, the patient cannot be filled.However, kidney and prostate ultrasound can be useful as they help identify associated diseases.Procedures such as cystoscopy, urodynamic study, uroflowography (the study of high urine parameters through the urethra), MRI are performed.Cystoscopy is a type of endoscopic examination.It helps to identify stones and neoplasms in the bladder as well as to get a biopath for analysis.Cystitis should be differentiated from diseases such as bladder tumors and prostate gland.
Cystitis: What is it for men
Cystitis is an inflammatory disease, which consists of irritation and damage to the bladder walls.Cystitis is actually, women are more likely to suffer.Approximately 2-3 of the 10 representatives of the right sex at least once in a life suffer from this disease.For male representatives, only 1% have cystitis in any form.In most cases, these are men over 45 years old.The distinction in the frequency of diseases between the sexes is explained by physiological changes in the structure of their genitourinary organs.First of all, men have a very long urethra and winding.But the urethra walls are an extremely difficult obstacle for pathogenic microorganisms, as the immune cells are active in them.Moreover, in the male body, the urethra hole is far from the anus, therefore, it is practically excluded to enter the pathogenic microflora canal from the anus.
However, the infection can enter the bladder not only externally through the urethra.In some cases, cystitis in men is a consequence of kidney or prostate diseases.In general, cystitis does not always have an infectious nature.However, if we are talking about infectious cystitis, then it is more often bacterial cystitis, less often - fungi.Even less often cystitis is caused by multicellular parasites.Most often, infectious cystitis occurs as a result of the action of E. coli (80%).The causal agents of the disease can also be:
- Pseudomonal stick,
- Staphylococcus,
- Proteus,
- Gonococcus,
- Chlamydia,
- Trichomonada,
- Mycoplasma.
Cystitis may be a complication of tuberculosis
Infectious cystitis caused by trichomonas, chlamydia, mycoplasmas, gonococci, Koch sticks, is called specific.And non -specific cystitis is a disease caused by pathogenic bacteria provided it is constantly amplified in the body.Rare cystitis varieties are those caused by purple, actinomycosis and skistosomosis.The path that pathogenic microorganisms fall into the bladder can be different.Depending on it, the cystitis is divided into descending, growing, lymphogenic and hematogenous.The high chance of infection (from urethra) in male patients is quite rare.Cystitis in men is most often decreasing (in the case of renal infection) as well as hematogenous and lymphogenic infection.There are also non -infectious nature cystitis.They can be caused:
- Operations or diagnostic procedures in the bladder;
- radiation effect on the body, for example, with radiation therapy of the prostate gland;
- bladder damage from foreign bodies, for example, stones;
- Chemicals that are excreted in the urine and cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the bubble.
Also, cysts are divided into elementary and secondary.In the first case, the disease begins on its own, directly in the bladder.The second cystitis is caused by some other pathological processes in the body.Secondary cystitis, on the other hand, is divided into cystitis of intraufic and extraordinary origin.For example, stones in the bladder and neoplasms of this organ are interfamous causes, and diseases of other organs (prostate adenoma, pyelonephritis) are extracurricular.If the inflammation area is the urinary triangle, then such cystitis is called trigonite.Also, depending on the location of the inflammation, cervical and distribution cystitis are secreted.With cervical cystitis, only inflammation is observed in the cervix.The diffuse form of the disease manifests itself in inflammation of the entire wall of the organ.Depending on how much the bubble wall is struck, the following forms of cystitis are distinguished:
- Catharral,
- hemorrhagic,
- cystic,
- ulcerative,
- phlegmonous,
- Gangrenous.
The lightest form, which only affects the surface layers of the walls, is cathartic.In case of gangrenous shape, the pathological process leads to necrotic walls.To determine the extent of the disease, cystoscopy is used with subsequent biopsy.Factors that contribute to the emergence of cystitis in men:
- Hypothermia of the body;
- decreased immunity;
- stress;
- Delayed conscious urine, rare bladder emptying;
- Kidney disease, prostate;
- Non -disagreement with personal hygiene rules;
- diseases accompanied by the appearance of infection focuses (tonsils, sinusitis, furunculosis, dental diseases, etc.);
- Spine injuries;
- diabetes mellitus;
- Alcohol abuse.
Cystitis complications can be paudiistic (inflammation of the tissues surrounding the bladder), pyelonephritis, bladder wall sclerosis, bubble wall perforation, kidney inflammation (as a result of bubble reflux).
Treatment of cystitis
Treatment is performed, as a rule, at home.A direction for a hospital in acute cystitis is possible if a hemorrhagic or gangrenous form of the disease develops or an acute urinary retention is observed.Cystitis treatment methods are mainly medicines.Although other techniques may be used, for example, physiotherapy (UHF, electrophoresis, ultrasound, magnetic therapy and laser, dirt), bladder rinsing with antimicrobial effects.If the disease is associated with high fever, then the patient needs bed rest.The heat bond in the groin area (except for hemorrhagic cystitis and tuberculosis) occurs.
An important element of treatment is a diet.The patient is contraindicated in salty, fatty, fried, acute and acidic foods, alcohol.On the other hand, it is necessary to consume more diuretics.Many vegetables and fruits have such properties: watermelon, melon, cherry, cucumbers.Apples, blueberries and lingonberry fruit drinks are also recommended - they increase the anti -adhesive properties of the mucous membrane of the bladder, that is, make it difficult to unite bacteria into the bubble wall.Phytocha and Lingonberry have undoubted benefits.It is important not to forget an abundant drink - the patient should drink at least 2 liters of clean water a day.During cystitis, it is recommended to abandon smoking.Surgical treatment is used in the case of gangrenous cystitis, chronic cystitis caused by prostate adenoma.
Medicine for the treatment of male cystitis
Medication therapy can be ethotropic, or symptomatic.Ethotropic therapy is aimed at countering the pathogenic organisms - the pathogens of the disease.The purpose of symptomatic treatment is to relieve unpleasant symptoms - pain and spasm.If the cause of the disease is a bacterial infection, then a course of antibiotic intake is needed.Most often Fluoroquinolone group medicines are used. The duration of acceptance is usually a week.Before choosing a scheme of antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to do a study on the type of pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics.Preparations with anti -inflammatory and antibacterial components of plants, grassy grass, a decoction of horses and St. John's wort are often often used.Another class of drugs used for the disease is antispasmodics that help relieve spasms and pain caused.NSAIDs are also used to reduce the symptoms of pain and inflammation.With severe pain, novocaine blockages are used.It is also recommended to take vitamins - to increase the body's resistance of the infection.
PREVENTION
The fact that men are relatively rarely suffering from cystitis does not mean that representatives of the strong half of mankind should not be kept in the mind of this disease, not only very unpleasant and significantly reducing the quality of life, but also potentially fatal in the lack of proper therapy (from Cystitis Gangren, for example, Emperor Peter I).However, preventive measures are simple - you need to monitor personal hygiene, immune level, avoid hypothermia, go to the toilet regularly, avoid urinary stagnation, cure infectious diseases in time that can create the focus of infection - sinusitis, pulpites and tonsils, visit urologist and urologist regularly.