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Cystitis in women: what it is, symptoms and treatment

Many women suffer when the first symptoms of cystitis appear; they begin to treat themselves, consulting pharmacists in pharmacies and buying beautiful medicines. They cannot even imagine what the consequences of such treatment could be, without discovering the causes, type and form of the disease. To prevent complications of the disease, it is necessary to undergo proper diagnosis.

Cystitis is inflammation of the urinary tract and bladder mucosa. This disease is mainly female. It is caused by the structure of the urethra in women, which is shorter and wider than in men, so infection or penetration of harmful microorganisms occurs more often.

Cystitis according to ICD-10

According to the international classification of diseases, this type of inflammation belongs toclass XIV, its code#30. 0.

According to the international classification of diseases, there are several forms of cystitis:

  1. Acute cystitis code no. 30. 0.
  2. Chronic code (interstitial) no. 30. 1.
  3. Chronic cystitis (other) Code No. 30. 2.
  4. Trigonite code no. 30. 3.
  5. Radiation type of the inflammatory process code No. 30. 4.
  6. Other forms of cystitis No. 30. 5.
  7. Unspecified cystitis No. 30. 6.

Each form of the inflammatory process requires individual treatment. Therefore, the disease should be diagnosed in a medical institution and medications recommended by the doctor should be taken.

Causes of cystitis in women

People suffer from this disease30% women under 45 years old. The main reason for the appearance of the inflammatory process is a special anatomical structure in which there is contact between the flora of the reproductive and urinary systems of a woman. Other reasons include:

  • Improper genital hygiene.
  • Passive (sedentary) lifestyle.
  • Stress.
  • Unbalanced diet.
  • Eating spicy and fatty foods.
  • The presence of chronic gynecological and venereal diseases.
  • Unprotected sex.
  • Prolonged hypothermia.
  • Bladder injuries.
  • Changes in hormone levels.
  • Reduced immunity.
  • Synthetic underwear.

The most common cause of bladder inflammation is infection with intestinal infections.

Which bacteria cause inflammation?

Cystitis occurs due to infection with various pathogenic bacteria:

  1. Candida fungi.
  2. Escherichia coli.
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  4. Gonococci.
  5. Ureaplasma.
  6. Mycoplasma.
  7. Trichomonas.
  8. Chlamydia.
  9. Enterobacter.
  10. Pale treponema.
  11. Staphylococci.
  12. Streptococci.
  13. Enterococcus.
  14. Meningococcus.
  15. Coliform microbes.
  16. Proteus.
  17. Salmonella.
  18. Viruses.
  19. Listeria.
  20. Klebsiella.

The most common opportunistic bacterium that causes the acute phase of inflammation is Escherichia coli.

E. coli most often provokes the development of cystitis in women

The first signs of the disease in women

Within 24 hours, the first signs of the disease appear after infection with pathogenic bacteria or hypothermia. These signs include:

  • Weakness.
  • Low-grade fever.
  • Frequent urination in small amounts.
  • Itching of the genitals.
  • Drawing pain in lower abdomen at night.
  • Painful urination.
  • The appearance of discharge from the genitals.

Urine becomes cloudy with sediment in the form of flakes, mixed with blood or pus.

One of the signs of cystitis in a woman is a nagging pain in the lower abdomen

Symptoms of cystitis in women

The main symptoms of the inflammatory process in women:

  1. Urine is released often and in small portions.
  2. Burning sensation when emptying the bladder.
  3. At night, frequent desire to urinate.
  4. Cloudy urine mixed with mucus, blood and pus.
  5. Feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen.
  6. Urine has an unpleasant, pungent smell.
  7. An annoying pain appears in the lower abdomen, kidneys and spine.
  8. Low grade body temperature.

If one or more symptoms are detected, it is necessary to undergo a diagnosis to avoid complications or the development of urolithiasis.

A woman is worried about the symptoms of cystitis in the form of frequent and painful urination

Urinary incontinence with cystitis in women

Urinary incontinence in women with this disease is a signneglect of the disease. The main reason is self-medication or unwillingness to visit a medical institution.

Urinary incontinence occurs due to developmentinflammatory process after infection in the bladder. The nerve endings in the bladder walls are irritated, causing a frequent urge to urinate. If treatment is inappropriate or treatment is ignored, urges become strong and can no longer be controlled.

Do your kidneys hurt from cystitis?

The kidneys are part of the urinary system and produce urea, which forms urine. Urine exits through the ureters, collects in the bladder, and then exits. If the inflammatory process in the bladder becomes advanced, the infection spreads through the ureters to the kidney, which is why kidney pain occurs with cystitis.

If the pain in the kidneys begins to intensify after cystitis, it means that the patient is developing a disease - pyelonephritis. Therefore, if pain occurs in the kidneys, you should immediately consult a doctor for tests and diagnosis of the disease.

Types and forms of cystitis in women

Modern medicine classifies cystitis depending on the nature of the disease, the causes of its occurrence, morphology, stage of development and spread of the inflammatory process. Cystitis can occur in the following forms:

  1. spicy– inflammation of the bladder mucosa from various infections.
  2. chronic- it differs from acute cystitis in symptoms washed out with their periodic appearance.
  3. Interstitial- characterized by the formation of a malignant tumor in the walls of the bladder. This is a dangerous pathology that requires surgical intervention.
  4. Honeymoon cystitis- this is a special form, it is typical for girls who start having sex. During the defloration process, foreign bacteria penetrate the vaginal cavity, which causes inflammatory processes.

Most experts identify the following types of cystitis:

  • InfectiousCystitis occurs due to harmful bacteria and microorganisms entering the bladder.
  • Traumatica type of disease that occurs due to injuries and bruises of the urethra.
  • CHEMICALCystitis occurs when it is not treated properly or when the body is exposed to toxic substances.
  • HAEMORRHAGICthe species appears as a result of viral diseases.
  • HypercalceuricThe type occurs in women suffering from impaired kidney function.
  • Parasiticthe species occurs due to the penetration of parasites (worms) from the anus into the urethra.
  • sexualCystitis occurs in women who often change sexual partners.
  • Raycystitis occurs during procedures with exposure to radiation in the body.
  • AllergicThis type occurs when allergens enter the body and can cause an inflammatory process.
  • CervixCystitis is an inflammation of the bladder neck.
  • fungusspecies develops if there are Candida fungi in the body.
  • HormoneCystitis in women appears with an increase in the level of estrogen in the body, which lowers immunity and facilitates the penetration of infection.

Recurrent cystitis

Recurrent cystitis is a type of acute inflammation of the genitourinary organs that occursmore than 3 times in six months. Causes of recurrent type:

  1. Chronic non-compliance with personal hygiene rules.
  2. Genetic predisposition.
  3. Anatomical abnormalities, such as dystopia.
  4. Narrowing of the urethra.
  5. Stones or sand in the bladder.
  6. Frequent change of sexual partners.
  7. Gynecological diseases.
  8. Persistent hypothermia.

For the recurrent type of the disease, the treatment is the same as for acute cystitis.

Diagnosing

The doctor performs an initial examination of the patient, collects the anamnesis and writes a referral for tests:

  • General blood analysis.
  • General analysis of urine.
  • Bacteriological culture of urine.
  • Vaginal microflora analysis.
  • Ultrasound.
  • Cystography.
Ultrasound examination of the bladder can help diagnose cystitis in a woman.

Based on the test results, the doctor makes a diagnosis and prescribes the appropriate treatment.

How long does it take to treat cystitis in women?

The doctor prescribes a course of treatmentat least 10-14 days. The duration of treatment will depend on the form and type of cystitis, as well as the possibility of recurrence. The inflammatory process is treated with medications in several stages. Self-medication can lead to the development of complications and the treatment will take a long time.

Methods and medications for the treatment of cystitis in women

If cystitis appears, first of all, you should visit a doctor and do tests to find the cause of its occurrence.

To treat diseases of the genitourinary organs, antibiotics, herbal medicines, warm baths and folk remedies are prescribed. Treatment methods and drug dosage are determined by the doctor.

During drug treatment, complex treatment is carried out with antibiotics, antispasmodics, probiotics, herbal medicines, and in case of severe pain, sedatives are prescribed.

During treatment with antibiotics, the intestinal microflora suffers, so the doctor prescribes probiotics.

Medicines for the treatment of cystitis - antibiotics, probiotics, antispasmodics, herbal medicines

For severe spasms, antispasmodics are prescribed.

Herbal medicines are prescribed by the doctor to relieve inflammatory processes in the urinary system. These are preparations based on herbs and plant flowers that are effective in fighting the inflammatory process. This includes:

  • Lingonberry leaves.
  • Bears.
  • Products based on cranberry fruits and medicinal plants.

Therapeutic baths will help relieve spasms and have an antibacterial effect. Herbal decoctions, infusions and oils are added to such baths:

  1. Chamomile flowers.
  2. Herbal collection for the urinary system.
  3. Calendula.
  4. A series.
  5. St. John's wort.
  6. Eucalyptus oil.
  7. Lemon oil.
  8. Sage oil.
  9. Lavender oil.

For quick and effective treatment, complex therapy is performed.

Is it possible to cure cystitis without antibiotics?

Treatment without antibiotics is prescribed only in the case of an acute type of disease; for his treatment,antispasmodic and antimicrobial drugs. In most cases, the acute form becomes chronic, in which antibiotic treatment cannot be avoided.

Do they give sick leave for cystitis?

Cystitis is a disease in which the inflammatory process develops quickly. In the acute type of the disease, the body temperature often rises, which indicates the need for bed rest, which means that you need to issue a sick leave certificate.

In case of chronic illness, sick leave is not granted, as the illness has no pronounced symptoms. It must be remembered that for its treatment it is necessary to undergo tests and undergo diagnostic procedures, which will also take time.

Consequences and complications

This disease, in acute and chronic forms, can be treated quickly and efficiently, but if the treatment is carried out independently and incorrectly, the inflammation takes other forms, complications arise that develop into other diseases. Such consequences and complications include:

  • Cystitis turns into interstitial, hemorrhagic, gangrenous forms.
  • Pyelonephritis.
  • Bladder empyema.
  • Paracystitis.
  • Trigonite.

The risk of complications is that new diseases appear in the body.

Preventing

To prevent the disease, it is important to adhere to the following rules and recommendations:

  1. Maintain the drinking regime.
  2. Respect the rules of personal hygiene.
  3. Keep a rest and sleep schedule.
  4. Dress for the weather.
  5. Eat healthy, balanced meals.
  6. To refuse from bad habits.
  7. Drink decoctions of diuretic plants.
  8. Exercise.
  9. Take vitamins.

It is important to take care of your health, visit a doctor, diagnose diseases at the right time and take preventive measures.