Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder walls of an acute or chronic course. It appears with frequent and painful urination, with the presence of pus in the urine, blood clots, in children it is accompanied by symptoms of intoxication, fever. The disease is common among people of any age and gender, but more often it is determined in women, which is associated with the anatomical features of the urinary system.
Symptoms of cystitis
Cystitis is divided into acute and chronic. The acute form is characterized by spontaneous onset and rapid development. The first sign is the frequent urge to urinate every 20-30 minutes. Patients complain of pain in the suprapubic region, pain spreads to the perineum, genitals, increases with pressure in the abdomen, easy filling of the bladder. Urination itself is painful with a burning sensation and pain, the act ends with the release of a few drops of blood. The color and transparency of urine changes: it looks cloudy, dark, with sediments and has an unpleasant smell. With a favorable result, the health condition improves in 4-5 days, in 7-10 days the patient recovers.
Chronic cystitis is characterized by alternating exacerbations and remissions or a continuous slow course. Symptoms correspond to the acute form, their severity increases in the acute phase.
reason
For the development of cystitis, several conditions are necessary: infections, morphological or functional changes in the bladder. In most cases, the disease is infectious. The main causes of cystitis are E. coli, epidermic streptococcus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci. Microorganisms enter the bladder cavity from the external environment, kidneys, less often from other foci of inflammation: through lymph, blood, damaged bladder wall.
A favorable background for the development of bladder inflammation is created by:
- frequent hypothermia;
- infrequent or incomplete urination;
- weakened immunity;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- wearing very tight clothes;
- malnutrition;
- lack of vitamins;
- excessive physical and psycho-emotional work;
- chronic disease;
- change of sexual partner or initiation of sexual activity;
- surgical intervention in the bladder, prostate gland;
- non-compliance with hygiene standards;
- the impact on the body of radiation, chemical and toxic substances;
- treatment with antibiotics and nephrotoxic drugs;
- the presence of foreign bodies: urinary diversion tubes, kidney stones, ureteral stents.
In the development of cystitis, a certain role belongs to diseases and pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, urolithiasis, narrowing of Huerta in boys / men, prostate adenoma, prostatitis, dysbacteriosis, intestinal infections, helminthic diseases.
varieties
Cystitis is classified according to different criteria:
- downstream: acute - characterized by an inflammatory lesion of the mucous and submucosal layer, and chronic - morphological changes affect the muscle layer;
- according to etiology: bacterial (divided into specific and non-specific) and non-bacterial (chemical, medicinal, radiation, allergic);
- in form: primary - occur without structural and functional changes in the urinary system, secondary - develop in conditions of bladder dysfunction, anatomical changes;
- according to the prevalence of the inflammatory process: focal (limited) and total (diffuse).
Diagnosing
In the diagnosis of cystitis, the urologist is helped by clinical manifestations, the results of laboratory and instrumental studies. The main role in the recognition of cystitis, its type, features of the course belongs to the general analysis of urine, urine culture for flora, determination of the level of urine acidity. According to the indications, endoscopic examination of the bladder mucosa (cystoscopy) or X-ray (cystography), surveillance urography and ultrasound of the bladder is performed.
To confirm/exclude cystitis, CMRT clinic specialists use modern diagnostic methods, such assh.
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
- Ultrasound (ultrasound)
- duplex scan
- Computed Topography of the Diers Spine
- Control (comprehensive examination of the body)
- c T
Which doctor to contact?
The urologist diagnoses and treats the disease. Depending on the causes and symptoms accompanying the disease, it may be necessary to consult a gynecologist and other specialists.
How to treat cystitis
The course of treatment is chosen by a urologist, sometimes in collaboration with an endocrinologist, gynecologist, infectious disease specialist, gastroenterologist, surgeon and other specialists. In the stage of acute cystitis, to alleviate the symptoms of dysuric disorders, a dairy-vegetarian diet, restriction of spicy, salty, fatty foods, spices, and thermal procedures in the bladder area are recommended. To quickly clean the bladder from toxins, bacteria, inflammatory components, it is necessary to strengthen the drinking regime. In addition to slightly alkaline mineral water, you can drink juices, fruit drinks, compote, weak green tea.
From the drugs in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract, uroantiseptics, antibacterials, antimicrobials, antivirals are used, taking into account the type of pathogen. To get rid of pain, to relieve muscle spasm, to stop the symptoms of inflammation as prescribed, take analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antispasmodics. In addition to the main treatment, after the symptoms of the disease subside, herbal medicines, electrophoresis and magnetotherapy are prescribed.
In the stage of complications, if it is impossible to cure the disease with conservative therapy, surgical removal of the bladder or the pathologically changed area is performed by resection, laser exposure, freezing.
Complications
Prerequisites for the development of complications create chronic and secondary forms. Possible adverse effects include:
- sclerotic deformation of the bladder neck;
- anatomical and functional changes in the bladder;
- vesicoureteral reflux (reverse flow of urine from the bladder to the ureter);
- peritonitis;
- pyelonephritis;
- inflammation of the urethral walls.
Prevention of cystitis
Prevention of cystitis contributes to:
- exclusion of hypothermia;
- prevention of excessive physical and psycho-emotional work;
- healthy and nutritious food;
- genital hygiene;
- early detection and treatment of infections, concomitant diseases;
- systematic emptying of the bladder;
- strengthening immunity;
- compliance with the drinking regime.